- Banking Supervision with Loopholes
13 October 2022
This paper develops a model of financial intermediation focusing on the interaction between banks and a regulator. In the model, the regulator chooses its supervision capacity to monitor banks and…
- PUMA Cooperation Between the Bank of Italy and the Intermediaries for the Production of Statistical, Supervisory and Resolution Reporting
Report · 16 September 2025
The Bank of Italy collects a large amount of data — statistical, supervisory and resolution — from banks and other financial intermediaries in order to fulfil its institutional functions and meet the…
- A Novel Multi-Step-Prompt Approach for LLM-based Q&As on Banking Supervisory Regulations
Report · 7 September 2025
This paper investigates the use of large language models (LLMs) in analysing and answering questions related to banking supervisory regulations. We propose a multi-step-prompt approach that enriches…
- Blockchain Compliance: A Framework for Evaluating Regulatory Approaches
Report · 15 August 2025
This article provides a systematic framework for evaluating blockchain regulatory approaches, bridging technical, economic, and legal analysis. Traditional financial oversight operates through…
- DLT Compliance Reporting
Report · 13 August 2025
The IS discourse on the potential of distributed ledger technology (DLT) in the financial services has grown at a tremendous pace in recent years. Yet, little has been said about the related…
- Aproximación Al Espacio Controlado De Pruebas ((Regulatory Sandbox) Commentary on Spanish Regulatory Sandbox Act)
Report · 2 August 2025
Spanish Abstract: El presente artículo analiza la Ley 7/2020, de 13 de noviembre, para la transformación digital del sistema financiero, por la cual se incorpora un espacio contado de pruebas para…
- AI-Powered Regulatory Technologies Transforming Compliance in U.S. Financial Institutions
Report · 12 July 2025
In recent years, the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in regulatory compliance, commonly referred to as RegTech, has significantly transformed the operational landscape of U.S. financial…
- The Data Reporting Challenge: U.S. Swap Data Reporting and Financial Market Infrastructure
Report · 11 July 2025
This chapter describes the past and present regulatory reporting landscape for U.S. swap data and financial market infrastructures (FMIs). It argues that standards are essential to ensure that both…
- Developing Accounting of Regulatory Compliance Risk inside Non-Banking Finance Companies under Regulatory Technology-Theoretical Analytical Study
Report · 7 July 2025
Organizations face significant risks that may threaten their operations, reputation, and financial stability. These risks highlight the importance of an effective risk management strategy (Kokina…
- ResTech: Innovative Technologies for Crisis Resolution
Report · 23 June 2020
The use of financial technologies (FinTech) by financial market participants fostered a discussion among public authorities on the use technologies for regulatory (RegTech) and supervisory (SupTech)…
- Access to Finance for Artificial Intelligence Regulation in the Financial Services Industry
Report · 19 June 2025
This paper discusses the design of the legal and regulatory framework for using artificial intelligence (AI) in financial services markets to enhance access to finance (financial inclusion). The…
- Embedded Supervision: How to Build Regulation into Decentralised Finance
Report · 20 May 2025
The emergence of so-called “decentralised finance” (DeFi) and a shadow financial system of cryptocurrency exchanges and stablecoin issuers raises the challenge of how to apply technology-neutral…
- Role of FinTech in Accelerating Financial Inclusion in India
13 May 2025
The term ‘FinTech’ is a combination of the words ‘financial’ and ‘technology’. It can be broadly defined as technology-enabled financial innovation that could result in new business models…
- Virtual Assets and Central Bank Digital Currencies: Striking a Harmonious Equilibrium Between Digital Innovation and Regulatory Oversight
Report · 10 May 2025
The proliferation of virtual assets and decentralized finance (DeFi) has fundamentally transformed the global financial landscape, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation within the…
- Experimental Strategies for Regulating Fintech
2 May 2025
Faced with new technologies that confound existing financial regulatory structures, regulators around the world have been experimenting with new approaches to regulating fintech. The most prominent…
- The Future Evolution of AI in Banking Supervision and Regulation: From Experimentation to Critical Integration
Report · 22 August 2025
This paper examines the future evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in banking supervision and regulation, analyzing the transition from experimental deployment to critical operational…
- Harmonising form and Function for Actionable Intelligence Roundtable Summary from Japan FinTech Festival
15 April 2025
How can technology empower financial authorities to move beyond spreadsheets and human-intensive processes? A pivotal roundtable with leading policymakers and think tanks explored the revolutionary…
- Regulatory Technology (“Regtech”) Readiness in Honduras
Report · 22 July 2022
This report is the culmination of a ten month project to assess the readiness of the financial ecosystem in Honduras to apply machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain processing and…
- Unlocking smart supervision in the Pacific
Roadmap, Diagnostic report · 4 November 2025
The report “Unlocking Smart Supervision in the Pacific” provides a detailed analysis of current regulatory technology readiness among Pacific Island central banks, which identifies institutional…
- “Notice-and-comment” and business regulation in the developing world: The promises and pitfalls of digital technology
Report · 3 May 2021
The article advocates for the strategic implementation and rigorous evaluation of "notice-and-comment" (N&C) systems as a powerful tool to enhance regulatory compliance and government legitimacy…
- How the U.S. can compete with China on digital justice technology
Report · 24 October 2021
This report warns that China’s rapid digitization of its justice system—the so-called "Smart Courts" initiative—is becoming a central component of its effort to export digital authoritarianism. While…
- Comparing American and European perspectives on tech and privacy
Presentation · 2 April 2019
On March 29, 2019, the Brookings Foreign Policy program hosted the sixth annual Justice Stephen Breyer Lecture on International Law. This year’s event focused on the challenges of regulating digital…
- Hutchins Roundup: Loan forbearance, skill biased technologies, and more
Report · 29 July 2020
The Hutchins Roundup provides a synthesis of recent economic research addressing financial stability, technological adoption, and labor market inequities. One of the primary studies analyzed uses…
- Idea to retire: Zombie technologies in the workplace
Blog · 9 March 2016
The article presents a strategic call for local governments to identify and "kill" what the authors label as "zombie technologies"—legacy systems that persist in modern cities despite being obsolete…
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